# 水肿（Edema）

- 器官 / 系统：舌 / 消化系统（tongue / alimentary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0292
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/tongue-edema.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#tongue-edema
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/alimentary-system/tongue/Edema
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
与其他器官一样，水肿是调节血浆、间质和细胞之间正常液体分布的任一因素发生改变的结果，例如血管通透性增加、血管内静水压升高、血管内渗透压降低和淋巴引流减少。

## 病变描述（中文）
与其他器官一样，水肿是调节血浆、间质和细胞之间正常液体分布的任一因素发生改变的结果，例如血管通透性增加、血管内静水压升高、血管内渗透压降低和淋巴引流减少。因此，任何影响这些因素的化学物均可引起水肿。水肿也可作为急性炎症的组成部分。水肿液在间质内表现为均质、淡染的嗜酸性物质，但在制片过程中常丢失，表现为清晰空隙（Figure 1、Figure 2）。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
无明显炎症情况下发生的水肿，应根据水肿液分离舌组织的程度及组织累及的总范围进行诊断和分级。当水肿与炎症相关时，应单独诊断，除非水肿非常显著或严重程度不成比例，但应在病理学描述中将其作为炎症的组成部分加以描述。其他相关病变，如坏死，应单独诊断和分级。

## 英文原文 · Comment
As in other organs, edema is the result of alteration in any of the factors that regulate the normal fluid distribution between the plasma, interstitium, and cells, such as increased vascular permeability, increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure, decreased intravascular osmotic pressure, and decreased lymphatic drainage. Therefore, any chemical that affects any of these factors can cause edema. Edema can also be a component of acute inflammation. Edema fluid appears as homogeneous, pale, eosinophilic material within the interstitium but is often lost in processing and appears as clear spaces ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ).

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Edema occurring in the absence of obvious inflammation should be diagnosed and graded based on the degree of separation of the tongue tissues by edema fluid and the total extent of tissue involvement. When it is associated with inflammation, it should be diagnosed separately unless it is very prominent or disproportionately severe, but it should be described in the pathology narrative as a component of the inflammation. Other associated lesions, such as necrosis, should be diagnosed and graded separately.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0164.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0161.jpg

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