上皮变性Epithelium Degeneration · 舌 · 消化系统 · NTP ntp-0288
诊断要点：变性一旦出现即应诊断并分级。若上皮已缺失、暴露出下方真皮，则诊断为“溃疡（ulcer）”。
病变描述
细胞变性（degeneration）是细胞损伤的一种基本表现，被认为具有可逆性。其表现形式多样，包括细胞因无法维持正常稳态及调节水分的进入和排出而导致水分超负荷，进而引起细胞大小和体积增大。这也可能导致细胞质比未受损细胞显得更苍白（Figure 1、Figure 2）。受累细胞的细胞质内可含有半透明空泡，代表肿胀的线粒体以及扩张的高尔基体和内质网池。邻近组织可有不同程度的炎性细胞浸润。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
变性一旦出现即应诊断并分级。若上皮已缺失、暴露出下方真皮，则诊断为“溃疡（ulcer）”。变性的严重程度分级依据细胞肿胀程度以及受累区域的范围和数量。相关病变如炎症，除非其严重程度足以需要诊断，否则不应诊断。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Degeneration of cells is a fundamental expression of cell injury that is considered to be reversible. It can manifest in many ways, including increased cell size and volume resulting from an overload of water caused by a failure of the cell to maintain normal homeostasis and regulate the ingress and excretion of water. This may also cause the cytoplasm to appear paler than that of undamaged cells ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). The cytoplasm of affected cells may contain translucent vacuoles that represent swollen mitochondria and dilated cisternae of the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. Subjacent tissue can be variably infiltrated with inflammatory cells.
Recommendation：
Degeneration should be diagnosed and graded whenever present. If the epithelium has been lost, exposing the underlying dermis, then "ulcer" is diagnosed. The severity grade for degeneration is based on the degree of cellular swelling and extent and number of areas affected. Associated lesions, such as inflammation, should not be diagnosed unless warranted by severity.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/alimentary-system/tongue/Epithelium-Degeneration
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Epithelium Degeneration (tongue). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/tongue-epithelium-degeneration.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#tongue-epithelium-degeneration