# 溃疡（Ulcer）

- 器官 / 系统：舌 / 消化系统（tongue / alimentary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0293
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/tongue-ulcer.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#tongue-ulcer
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/alimentary-system/tongue/Ulcer
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
溃疡和糜烂可发生于胃肠道任何部位，包括舌。糜烂指黏膜表面上皮的缺失，而溃疡（Figure 1、Figure 2）则涉及上皮细胞全层的缺失并延伸至固有层。

## 病变描述（中文）
溃疡和糜烂可发生于胃肠道任何部位，包括舌。糜烂指黏膜表面上皮的缺失，而溃疡（Figure 1、Figure 2）则涉及上皮细胞全层的缺失并延伸至固有层。溃疡形成和炎症可由自发性疾病或局部或全身性毒性损伤所致。舌部溃疡可由切牙过度生长导致的错颌引起，也可继发于尿毒症。它们通常伴有炎症，也可能伴有肌细胞变性。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
舌的溃疡形成和糜烂应当诊断并分级。邻近上皮的水肿、炎症和增生一般不应单独诊断，除非它们是病变的显著组成部分。如果坏死上皮仍然存在并附着于其下的固有层，则应诊断上皮坏死而非糜烂或溃疡形成。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Ulcers and erosions can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, including the tongue. An erosion involves the loss of superficial epithelium of the mucosa, whereas an ulcer ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) involves loss of the full thickness of epithelial cells and extends to the lamina propria. Ulceration and inflammation can be the result of spontaneous disease or local or systemic toxic injury. Ulcers on the tongue can be caused by malocclusion with incisor overgrowth or can be secondary to uremia. They are typically accompanied by inflammation and may also be accompanied by myocyte degeneration.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Ulceration and erosion of the tongue should be diagnosed and graded. Edema, inflammation, and hyperplasia of the adjacent epithelium should not generally be diagnosed separately unless they are prominent components of the lesion. Necrosis of the epithelium is diagnosed instead of erosion or ulceration if the necrotic epithelium is still present and attached to the underlying lamina propria.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0190.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0185.jpg

整理：北京天融慧通科技有限责任公司（LabSmart）｜ https://www.labsmart.cn