# 扩张（Dilation）

- 器官 / 系统：输尿管 / 泌尿系统（ureter / urinary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0201
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/ureter-dilation.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#ureter-dilation
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/urinary-system/ureter/Dilation
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
输尿管扩张（同义词：肾盂积水/输尿管积水，hydroureter）最常与梗阻性病变相关。

## 病变描述（中文）
输尿管扩张（同义词：肾盂积水/输尿管积水，hydroureter）最常与梗阻性病变相关。肉眼观察时，常可见其与膀胱扩张及肾盂扩张同时存在。该病变可为单侧或双侧（Figure 1）。在大鼠中，先天性病例以右侧更为多见。已培育出具有自发性输尿管积水与肾积水的NON/Shi小鼠品系及SD/cShi大鼠品系，并可诱导其发生肾盂尿路上皮的增殖性病变。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
输尿管扩张应予以诊断并评定严重程度分级。若输尿管扩张与受试物相关，研究病理学家应描述该病变为单侧还是双侧。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Dilation of the ureter (synonym: hydroureter) is most commonly associated with cases of obstruction. Often it can be seen grossly with dilation of the urinary bladder and renal pelvis. It can be either unilateral or bilateral ( Figure 1 ). In rats, congenital cases are more prevalent on the right side. A strain of mouse (NON/Shi) and a strain of rat (SD/cShi) have been developed that have spontaneous hydroureter and hydronephrosis and can be induced to develop proliferative lesions of the renal pelvic urothelium.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Dilation of the ureter should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade. If ureter dilation is treatment related, the study pathologist should describe whether the lesion is unilateral or bilateral.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_1121.jpg

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