# 坏死（Necrosis）

- 器官 / 系统：膀胱 / 泌尿系统（urinary-bladder / urinary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0188
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/urinary-bladder-necrosis.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#urinary-bladder-necrosis
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/urinary-system/urinary-bladder/Necrosis
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
尿路上皮坏死可能由细胞毒性所致，包括直接给予化学物质或晶体和结石引起的刺激，并可能与溃疡和炎症相关。

## 病变描述（中文）
尿路上皮坏死可能由细胞毒性所致，包括直接给予化学物质或晶体和结石引起的刺激，并可能与溃疡和炎症相关。坏死通过细胞嗜酸性变和碎裂，以及核固缩和核碎裂来识别（Figure 1）。变性可能先于坏死发生，但单纯变性很少被诊断。既往坏死的区域可发生再生并愈合，或导致尿路上皮增生。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
尿路上皮坏死应予以诊断并给出严重程度分级。病理学家应运用其判断来决定与坏死相关的继发性病变是否足够显著，以 warrant 单独诊断。相关链接：Urinary Bladder - Ulcer

## 英文原文 · Comment
Necrosis of the urothelium may be due to cytotoxicity, including direct chemical administration or irritation from crystals and calculi and may be associated with ulceration and inflammation. Necrosis is recognized by cellular eosinophilia and fragmentation, as well as nuclear pyknosis and karyorrhexis ( Figure 1 ). Degeneration may precede necrosis, but degeneration by itself is infrequently diagnosed. Areas of previous necrosis can undergo regeneration and heal or result in urothelial hyperplasia.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Necrosis of the urothelium should be diagnosed and given a severity grade. The pathologist should use his or her judgment in deciding whether or not secondary lesions associated with necrosis are prominent enough to warrant a separate diagnosis. Related Links: Urinary Bladder - Ulcer

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_1141.jpg

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