# 溃疡（Ulcer）

- 器官 / 系统：膀胱 / 泌尿系统（urinary-bladder / urinary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0194
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/urinary-bladder-ulcer.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#urinary-bladder-ulcer
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/urinary-system/urinary-bladder/Ulcer
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
溃疡可由多种病因引起，例如直接化学暴露，或作为与炎症、结石或肿瘤相关的继发性病变。

## 病变描述（中文）
溃疡可由多种病因引起，例如直接化学暴露，或作为与炎症、结石或肿瘤相关的继发性病变。溃疡通常由尿路上皮糜烂/坏死进展而来，并延伸贯穿尿路上皮全层，导致上皮下出血和炎症（Figure 1、Figure 2）。炎症的严重程度取决于溃疡的大小和慢性程度。急性溃疡可能迅速发生。慢性病例中可观察到再生性增生和/或纤维化。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
溃疡应予以诊断并给出严重程度分级。炎症和/或再生性增生明显时，应连同溃疡一起诊断，作为病变慢性程度的指标。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Ulcers may result from a number of etiologies, such as direct chemical exposure or as secondary lesions associated with inflammation, calculi, or tumors. Ulcers usually progress from urothelial erosions/necrosis and extend through the width of the urothelium, resulting in subepithelial hemorrhage and inflammation ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). The severity of the inflammation depends on the size and the chronicity of the ulcer. Acute ulceration may develop rapidly. Regenerative hyperplasia and/or fibrosis may be observed in chronic cases.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Ulcers should be diagnosed and given a severity grade. Inflammation and/or regenerative hyperplasia, when significant, should be diagnosed along with ulceration as an indicator of the chronicity of the lesion.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_1140.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_1144.jpg

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