# 萎缩（Atrophy）

- 器官 / 系统：子宫 / 雌性生殖系统（uterus / reproductive-system-female）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0541
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/uterus-atrophy.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#uterus-atrophy
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/reproductive-system-female/uterus/Atrophy
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
萎缩是一种常见的年龄相关变化，也可由引起卵巢损伤或改变卵巢类固醇生成的药物诱导。

## 病变描述（中文）
萎缩是一种常见的年龄相关变化，也可由引起卵巢损伤或改变卵巢类固醇生成的药物诱导。萎缩可影响子宫内膜和/或子宫肌层，并导致子宫整体大小或横截面积减小。子宫内膜腺体数量少于正常，间质可能塌陷或玻璃样变（尤其在老年啮齿类动物中），子宫肌层变薄。萎缩也见于极度营养不良的动物。萎缩可仅影响子宫的某一部分，如子宫内膜或子宫肌层。子宫萎缩必须与发育不全（hypoplasia）相鉴别。发育不全是指发育失败，极少自发出现，例外情况为生殖和致畸研究。子宫萎缩必须与未成熟相鉴别，后者可模仿萎缩；其他生殖器官也将处于未成熟状态。治疗诱导的萎缩通常发生于多只动物，并可直接与对照组比较（Figure 1）。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
当子宫萎缩与治疗相关或发生于短期研究时，应作出诊断并进行分级。如果仅子宫的特定组成部分受累，应通过使用部位修饰词在诊断中指明所累及的具体结构（例如，epithelium、endometrium、myometrium）。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Atrophy is a common age-related change and can also be induced by agents that cause ovarian damage or alter steroid production from the ovary. Atrophy can affect the endometrium and/or myometrium and results in a reduction in the overall size or cross sectional area of the uterus. Endometrial glands are fewer than normal, the stroma may be collapsed or hyalinized (especially in aged rodents), and the myometrium is thin. Atrophy is also encountered in extremely malnourished animals. Atrophy can affect just one portion of the uterus, such as the endometrium or myometrium. Uterine atrophy must be differentiated from hypoplasia. Hypoplasia is a failure to develop and should very seldom be encountered spontaneously, the exceptions being reproductive and teratology studies. Uterine atrophy must be differentiated from immaturity, which can mimic atrophy; the other reproductive organs will also be immature. Treatment-induced atrophy usually occurs in several animals, and they can be compared directly with controls ( Figure 1 ).

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Uterine atrophy should be diagnosed and graded when it is treatment related or occurs in a short-term study. If only specific components of the uterus are affected, the specific structure(s) involved should be indicated in the diagnosis through the use of a site modifier (e.g., epithelium, endometrium, myometrium).

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0672.jpg

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