上皮凋亡Epithelium Apoptosis · 附睾 · 雄性生殖系统 · NTP ntp-0492
诊断要点：凋亡上皮细胞水平增高应当记录并分级，并且如果其发生率和/或严重程度似乎与化学物给药相关，应当在病理学叙述中加以讨论。
病变描述
附睾上皮的细胞凋亡（apoptosis，或称单细胞死亡）最常见于睾酮水平下降时的反应。正常情况下，附睾中存在低水平的背景性凋亡细胞，但如果睾酮水平显著下降，凋亡细胞数量会增加，首先出现在起始段（Figure 1），随后随时间以波浪式方式向远端推进直至附睾尾。给予雌激素类化合物也已被证明可通过干扰睾酮而产生这一变化。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
凋亡上皮细胞水平增高应当记录并分级，并且如果其发生率和/或严重程度似乎与化学物给药相关，应当在病理学叙述中加以讨论。当双侧附睾均出现时，诊断应当明确为双侧性，严重程度评分应基于受累更严重的附睾。建议与其他雄性生殖器官的紊乱进行关联分析以助解释。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Apoptosis (or single cell death) of the epididymal epithelium is most commonly seen as a response to decreased testosterone levels. Normally, there is a low background level of apoptotic cells in the epididymis, but if testosterone levels decrease significantly, the number of apoptotic cells increases, first in the initial segment ( Figure 1 ) and then proceeding distally in a wave-like manner over time through to the cauda. Administration of estrogenic compounds have also been shown to produce this change through interference with testosterone.
Recommendation：
Increased levels of apoptotic epithelial cells should be recorded and graded should be and discussed in the pathology narrative if the incidence and/or severity appears to be related to chemical administration. When present in both epididymides, the diagnosis should be clarified as bilateral and the severity score based on the more severely affected epididymis. Correlation with disturbances in other male reproductive organs is recommended to aid interpretation.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/reproductive-system-male/epididymis/Epithelium-Apoptosis
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Epithelium Apoptosis (epididymis). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/epididymis-epithelium-apoptosis.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#epididymis-epithelium-apoptosis