憩室Diverticulum · 食管 · 消化系统 · NTP ntp-0303
诊断要点：憩室一旦出现即应作出诊断，但无需对该病变进行严重程度分级。相关病变，如炎症或溃疡，若严重程度足以需要，可单独诊断，但应在病理学描述中明确说明这些病变与憩室相关。
病变描述
憩室（diverticulum）（Figure 1，箭头）可发生于消化道的任何部位。憩室是管壁薄弱部位向外膨出形成的与管腔相通的囊袋。憩室由与其起源器官相同类型的上皮衬覆，在食管即为鳞状上皮，且该上皮与器官的正常上皮相连续。由于切面原因，食管与憩室之间的开口并非总能见到。憩室偶尔会被误诊为腺瘤，但憩室上皮缺乏肿瘤的细胞学特征。憩室可被食物嵌塞、发生溃疡、出现局部炎症，并最终穿孔，导致脓肿形成。憩室被视为背景病变。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
憩室一旦出现即应作出诊断，但无需对该病变进行严重程度分级。相关病变，如炎症或溃疡，若严重程度足以需要，可单独诊断，但应在病理学描述中明确说明这些病变与憩室相关。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Diverticula ( Figure 1 , arrow) may occur anywhere in the alimentary tract. They are a bulge in a weakened portion of the wall that forms a pocket that is continuous with the lumen. Diverticula are lined by the same type of epithelium as the organ in which they originate, which in the esophagus is squamous epithelium, and the epithelium is continuous with the normal epithelium of the organ. The aperture between the esophagus and the diverticulum is not always present due to the plane of section. Diverticula are occasionally misdiagnosed as adenomas, but the epithelia of diverticula lack the cellular features of neoplasms. Diverticula may become impacted with food, ulcerate, become locally inflamed, and eventually perforate, leading to abscess formation. Diverticula are considered background lesions.
Recommendation：
Whenever present, diverticula should be diagnosed, but it is not necessary to give the lesion a severity grade. Associated lesions, such as inflammation or ulceration, may be diagnosed separately if warranted by severity, but it should be made clear in the pathology narrative that the lesions are associated with the diverticulum.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/alimentary-system/esophagus/Diverticulum
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Diverticulum (esophagus). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/esophagus-diverticulum.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#esophagus-diverticulum