扩张Dilation · 哈氏腺 · 特殊感觉系统 · NTP ntp-0317
诊断要点：仅当发生率或严重程度（或两者）存在处理相关差异时，才应诊断哈德氏腺扩张。诊断时，应赋予严重程度分级。
病变描述
哈德氏腺扩张（Harderian gland dilation）的特征是哈德氏腺腺泡呈局灶性（focal）簇状分布，腺腔扩张，内衬略扁平的上皮细胞（Figure 1、Figure 2）；相关间质纤维化即使存在也极少。部分扩张的腺泡还可见腔内卟啉色素聚集体。此种扩张是大鼠和小鼠哈德氏腺常见的自发性病变，但也可由给予各种化学剂诱导发生。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
仅当发生率或严重程度（或两者）存在处理相关差异时，才应诊断哈德氏腺扩张。诊断时，应赋予严重程度分级。相关的卟啉色素不应单独诊断（除非严重程度需要），但应在病理学叙述中描述。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Harderian gland dilation is characterized by focal clusters of Harderian gland alveoli with dilated lumens lined by slightly flattened epithelial cells ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ); there is little if any associated interstitial fibrosis. Some dilated gland alveoli also exhibit intraluminal porphyrin pigment aggregates. Such dilatation is a common spontaneous finding in the Harderian glands of rats and mice but can also be induced by administration of various chemical agents.
Recommendation：
Harderian gland dilation should be diagnosed only if there are treatment-related differences in incidence and/or severity. When diagnosed, it should be assigned a severity grade. The associated porphyrin pigment should not be diagnosed separately (unless warranted by severity), but should be described in the pathology narrative.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/special-senses-system/harderian-gland/Dilation
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Dilation (harderian-gland). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/harderian-gland-dilation.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#harderian-gland-dilation