异物Foreign Body · 口腔黏膜 · 消化系统 · NTP ntp-0222

Comment：
Foreign bodies are most frequently plant material from the bedding or feed ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , and Figure 4 ) or hair shafts ( Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , and Figure 8 ). Foreign bodies can be primary or secondary. Inflammation with ulceration can result from trauma, infection, or toxic chemicals and can result in foreign material secondarily penetrating the deeper tissues of the oral cavity. Depending on the type of foreign material present and the duration, any type of inflammation can be seen around a foreign body, but suppurative inflammation is the most common. The type of diet and its consistency can influence the frequency and types of oral cavity lesions observed. Periodontitis and fistulas can occur following the feeding of powdered diets that contain food fibers. Localized granulomatous inflammation with fibrosis can be present around the affected tooth. A periodontal pocket may form at the dental sulcus and is often the route of passage for foreign material and inflammatory exudates. Chronic irritation and inflammation induced by foreign bodies in the epithelium of the mouth, pharynx, and nose can lead to formation of squamous cell carcinoma.

Recommendation：
A foreign body should be diagnosed but not graded. If inflammation is present and is a significant component of the lesion, it should be diagnosed and graded separately, with the grading based on the density and extent of inflammatory cell infiltration. If foreign material is confined to a periodontal pocket and has not penetrated into the tissue, then foreign body is not diagnosed and the lesion is recorded as "tooth - periodontal pocket" (see appropriate document).