血栓形成Thrombosis · 卵巢 · 雌性生殖系统 · NTP ntp-0522

Comment：
Ovarian thrombi ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) may be large and comprise well-circumscribed areas of ovarian parenchyma that have been replaced by eosinophilic laminated material. The apparent laminations (lines of Zahn) are produced by alternating layers of platelets admixed with darker-staining fibrin, separated by darker layers containing mainly erythrocytes. Peripherally, at the attachment of the thrombus to the vessel wall, there are infiltrating fibroblasts and small numbers of inflammatory cells. There is compression of the adjacent parenchyma. Thrombi of longer duration are characterized by having less prominent lines of Zahn and often have clumps of amorphous basophilic material consistent with mineralization. Three factors predispose to thrombosis: injury to endothelium, alterations in normal blood flow, and alterations in blood hypercoagulability. Endothelial injury may be due to trauma, infections, radiation, immune-mediated injuries, and bacterial toxins or endotoxins. Alterations in blood flow may occur in vessels narrowed by processes such as inflammation, atherosclerosis, medial mineralization, or medial hypertrophy that contribute to stasis or turbulence, which brings platelets into contact with the endothelium, and/or slow the inflow of clotting factor inhibitors. Alterations in blood coagulability (i.e., hypercoagulability) are not a common cause of thrombosis. However, they can be due to genetic defects in a coagulation protein or could be secondary to systemic disease (e.g., lymphoma, inflammation, renal disease).

Recommendation：
Ovary - Thrombosis should be diagnosed but need not be graded. Necrosis secondary to thrombosis should be diagnosed and graded separately. Other lesions considered to be secondary to thrombosis (e.g., mineralization) should not be diagnosed separately unless warranted by severity.