先天性囊肿Cyst Congenital · 甲状旁腺 · 内分泌系统 · NTP ntp-0052
诊断要点：对于包含宫内暴露的研究，可能与受试物相关的发育改变可能影响甲状旁腺囊肿的最终存在和外观。
病变描述
区分甲状旁腺囊肿的甲状舌管起源与鳃后体起源在某种程度上并不明确，因为两者均可能具有纤毛细胞衬里。因此，“先天性囊肿（congenital cyst）”是首选的术语。在 F344/N rat 和 B6C3F1 mouse 中，这些囊肿可见于甲状旁腺内或邻近甲状旁腺处。先天性囊肿通常由立方至柱状上皮衬里，该上皮可能具有纤毛。囊肿腔可能含有异质性蛋白性物质和细胞碎片。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
对于包含宫内暴露的研究，可能与受试物相关的发育改变可能影响甲状旁腺囊肿的最终存在和外观。甲状舌管囊肿和鳃后体囊肿均应诊断为“parathyroid gland - cyst, congenital”。不需要进行严重程度分级。如果双侧甲状旁腺均受累，诊断应限定为双侧性（双侧（bilateral））。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Distinguishing between a thyroglossal and an ultimobranchial origin for parathyroid cysts is somewhat equivocal since either may have a ciliated cell lining. Consequently, "congenital cyst" is the preferred terminology. These can be seen within or adjacent to the parathyroid gland in rats and mice. Congenital cysts are typically lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium that may be ciliated. Cyst lumens may contain heterogeneous proteinaceous material and cellular debris.
Recommendation：
For studies that include in utero exposure, developmental alterations potentially related to treatment could influence the ultimate presence and appearance of parathyroid cysts. Both thyroglossal and ultimobranchial cysts should be diagnosed as "parathyroid gland - cyst, congenital". A severity grade is not necessary. If both parathyroids are involved, the diagnosis should be qualified as bilateral.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/endocrine-system/parathyroid-gland/CystCongenital
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Cyst Congenital (parathyroid-gland). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/parathyroid-gland-cyst-congenital.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#parathyroid-gland-cyst-congenital