矿化Mineralization · 骨骼肌 · 骨骼肌肉系统 · NTP ntp-0591
诊断要点：当骨骼肌矿化显著或为主要病变（即转移性矿化）时，应进行诊断并分级。作为坏死组成部分发生的矿化无需单独记录（除非因严重程度而有必要），但应在病理学叙述中描述。
病变描述
矿化（mineralization）的组织学特征是存在深嗜碱性的细至粗颗粒状沉积物，钙组织化学染色呈阳性。还可能存在多核异物巨细胞、急性或慢性炎症和/或成纤维细胞反应。矿化既可作为局部创伤/坏死的结果（营养不良性）发生，也可由全身性钙磷失衡（转移性）引起。虽然营养不良性矿化在大鼠中不是常见的反应，但某些小鼠品系，尤其是 BALB/c、C3H 和 DBA，特别易感。骨骼肌的营养不良性或转移性钙化偶尔作为自发性变化被观察到；然而，饮食、激素变化、给予氢化可的松以及内源性皮质类固醇高分泌均被推测为促成因素。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
当骨骼肌矿化显著或为主要病变（即转移性矿化）时，应进行诊断并分级。作为坏死组成部分发生的矿化无需单独记录（除非因严重程度而有必要），但应在病理学叙述中描述。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Mineralization is histologically characterized by the presence of deeply basophilic fine to coarse granular deposits that stain positively with histochemical stains for calcium. Multinucleated foreign-body giant cells, acute or chronic inflammation, and/or a fibroblastic response may also be present. Mineralization can occur either as a result of local trauma/necrosis (dystrophic) or due to systemic Ca:P imbalances (metastatic). While dystrophic mineralization is not a common response in rats, certain mouse strains, notably BALB/c, C3H, and DBA, are particularly susceptible. Dystrophic or metastatic calcification of skeletal muscle is sporadically observed as a spontaneous change; however, diet, hormonal changes, administration of hydrocortisone, and high endogenous secretion of corticosteroids have all been postulated as contributing factors.
Recommendation：
When mineralization of skeletal muscle is significant or is a primary lesion (i.e., metastatic mineralization), it should be diagnosed and graded. Mineralization that occurs as a component of necrosis does not need to be recorded separately (unless warranted by severity) but should be described in the pathology narrative.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/musculoskeletal-system/skeletal-muscle/Mineralization
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Mineralization (skeletal-muscle). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/skeletal-muscle-mineralization.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#skeletal-muscle-mineralization