子宫腺肌症Adenomyosis · 子宫 · 雌性生殖系统 · NTP ntp-0533
诊断要点：子宫——子宫腺肌症只要存在即应诊断并分级。
病变描述
子宫腺肌症（adenomyosis，Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）是指正常或增生的子宫内膜腺体和间质延伸至子宫肌层内。偶见上皮细胞可延伸至子宫浆膜表面。激素失衡是关键因素。该病变在某些品系小鼠（B6C3F1）中比在大鼠中更常见，且在老年小鼠中更常见。将子宫腺肌症与肿瘤性病变相鉴别很重要。子宫腺肌症的上皮细胞无异型性，这是一项有用的鉴别特征。通过检查上皮细胞以及正常子宫间质的存在，可将子宫腺肌症与腺癌相鉴别。腺癌的恶性上皮细胞表现出细胞多形性，且常呈多层排列。子宫腺肌症不应被描述为子宫内膜异位症（endometriosis），后者仅在灵长类动物中诊断（在子宫内膜异位症中，腺体扩散至腹腔）。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
子宫——子宫腺肌症只要存在即应诊断并分级。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Adenomyosis ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , and Figure 4 ) is the presence of normal or hyperplastic endometrial glands and stroma that extend into the myometrium. Occasionally epithelial cells can extend onto the serosal surface of the uterus. Hormonal imbalance is a key factor. It is more common in some strains of mice (B6C3F1) than in rats and is more common in aged mice. It is important to differentiate adenomyosis from neoplasms. Adenomyosis has no atypia of the epithelial cells, which is a useful distinguishing feature. Adenomyosis may be differentiated from adenocarcinoma by examining the epithelial cells and by the presence of normal uterine stroma. Malignant epithelial cells of adenocarcinomas exhibit cellular pleomorphism and often are multilayered. Adenomyosis should not be described as endometriosis, which is diagnosed only in primates (in endometriosis, the glands spread to the peritoneal cavity).
Recommendation：
Uterus - Adenomyosis should be diagnosed and graded whenever present.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/reproductive-system-female/uterus/Adenomyosis
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Adenomyosis (uterus). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/uterus-adenomyosis.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#uterus-adenomyosis