骨软骨病Osteochondrosis · 骨 · 骨骼肌肉系统 · NTP ntp-0582
诊断要点：尽管骨软骨病是一种自发性病变，但无论何时存在，都应予以诊断并给出严重程度分级。
病变描述
骨软骨病（osteochondrosis）（Figure 1）被定义为软骨内骨化的局灶性（focal）性障碍。该病变的特征是关节软骨局灶性性增厚，并伴有软骨向软骨下骨延伸。软骨肥大由矿化缺陷和软骨吸收减少所致，导致增大的软骨细胞持续存在。裂隙在增厚软骨的基底层内形成，并且在这些裂隙下方发生纤维性结缔组织增生。最终，软骨发生分离，形成关节瓣。该病变可进展为软骨下骨塌陷所致的关节软骨糜烂。骨软骨病发生于多种家养动物，主要作为年轻、快速生长动物的病变，并被认为受饮食、激素、解剖和遗传因素影响。骨软骨病在老年大鼠中作为自发性病变发生，尽管病变可能在生命早期散发性出现。骨软骨病的早期组织学证据包括关节软骨基底层的增厚或碎裂，并可在Sprague-Dawley大鼠中早至六周龄时观察到。该病变倾向于发生在关节软骨较厚的区域，例如股骨内侧髁和肱骨头的尾侧。骨软骨病的病变本质上是局灶性的，尽管它们可能在同一动物中multifocally或双侧发生。历史上，骨软骨病也曾被记录为骨软骨炎（osteochondritis）和分离性骨软骨炎（osteochondritis dissecans）。术语“osteochondritis”不恰当，因为炎症不是该病变的特征性表现。术语“dissecans”不恰当，因为它意味着贯穿关节软骨的裂隙形成，而骨软骨病是一系列组织学特征，裂隙形成是终末期或进展性表现。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
尽管骨软骨病是一种自发性病变，但无论何时存在，都应予以诊断并给出严重程度分级。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Osteochondrosis ( Figure 1 ) is defined as a focal disturbance of enchondral ossification. The lesion is characterized by focal thickening of articular cartilage with extension of the cartilage into the subchondral bone. Hypertrophy of cartilage results from defective mineralization and decreased cartilage resorption, leading to a persistence of enlarged chondrocytes. Fissures form within the basal layers of the thickened cartilage, and fibrous connective tissue proliferation occurs subjacent to these fissures. Eventually, separation of the cartilage occurs, with formation of an articular flap. The lesion may progress to erosion of articular cartilage due to subchondral bone collapse. Osteochondrosis occurs in a variety of domestic species, primarily as a lesion of young, rapidly growing animals, and is thought to be influenced by dietary, hormonal, anatomic, and genetic factors. Osteochondrosis occurs as a spontaneous lesion in aged rats, although lesions may sporadically occur earlier in life. Early histologic evidence of osteochondrosis includes thickening or fragmentation of the basal layer of articular cartilage and may be observed in Sprague-Dawley rats as early as six weeks of age. This lesion tends to occur in regions of articular cartilage that are thicker, such as the caudal aspect of the medial femoral condyles and humeral head. Lesions of osteochondrosis are focal in nature, although they may occur multifocally or bilaterally in the same animal. Historically, osteochondrosis has also been recorded as osteochondritis and osteochondritis dissecans. The term "osteochondritis" is not appropriate since inflammation is not a characteristic feature of the lesion. The term "dissecans" is inappropriate since it implies cleft formation through the articular cartilage, while osteochondrosis is a spectrum of histologic features, cleft formation being an end-stage or progressed manifestation.
Recommendation：
Although osteochondrosis is a spontaneous lesion, it should be diagnosed and given a severity grade whenever present.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/musculoskeletal-system/bone/Osteochondrosis
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Osteochondrosis (bone). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/bone-osteochondrosis.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#bone-osteochondrosis