炎症Inflammation · 肾脏 · 泌尿系统 · NTP ntp-0158

Comment：
In NTP studies, there are five standard categories of inflammation, according to the predominant inflammatory cell type present: acute, suppurative, chronic, chronic active, and granulomatous. In Kidney - Glomerulonephritis ). Renal tubule inflammation (tubulitis) ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) may be associated with a number of causes that may include the deposition of crystals, extension from the lower urinary tract (pyelonephritis), infectious processes, chronic progressive nephropathy, previous infarction, or direct chemical administration. Tubule inflammation is characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells within the tubule lumen, epithelium, or both. Inflammation can also be localized to the renal pelvis ( Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , and Figure 6 ) or the interstitium ( Figure 7 and Figure 8 ). Renal pelvis inflammation usually arises from conditions related to localized infections, which ascend from the lower urinary tract and extend into the renal papilla, medulla, and cortex. However, renal pelvis inflammation without lower urinary tract involvement may also be seen. There may be a number of causes for inflammation. Renal pelvis inflammation typically is acute or suppurative, with more chronic lesions noted in peripelvic tissues. Another diagnostic term occasionally used by pathologists to describe a similar condition is "pyelonephritis," which emphasizes renal involvement along with pelvis inflammation. Microabscesses may be noted in marked cases, due to either an ascending infection or a coinciding septicemic infection. Renal papillary ulceration and/or necrosis may occur as a result of renal pelvis inflammation. Reactive urothelial and/or papillary epithelial hyperplasia are often noted in more chronic cases. Interstitial inflammation, a cellular reaction to tissue injury from a variety of causes, may be observed frequently in the kidney of rodents. Chronic interstitial inflammation is often seen as a component of chronic progressive nephropathy (see Kidney - Nephropathy, Chronic Progressive ).

Recommendation：
Inflammation in the kidney should be diagnosed and graded when it is a primary lesion or is severe enough to warrant a separate diagnosis. The diagnosis should include a site modifier (e.g., interstitium, renal tubule, glomerulus) and the type of inflammation (e.g., acute, chronic, chronic active). Inflammatory reactions in the glomerulus should be diagnosed as glomerulonephritis and are covered in a separate document (see Kidney - Glomerulonephritis ). The pathologist should use his or her judgment in deciding whether or not secondary lesions such as necrosis or hemorrhage associated with inflammation are prominent enough to warrant a separate diagnosis. Inflammation as a component of chronic progressive nephropathy should not be diagnosed separately. Related Links: Kidney - Fibrosis Kidney - Glomerulonephritis Kidney - Infarct Kidney - Nephropathy, Chronic Progressive