肾小管变性Renal Tubule Degeneration · 肾脏 · 泌尿系统 · NTP ntp-0169
诊断要点：变性应当诊断并分级。如适用，应将受累肾小管的部位作为部位修饰词纳入诊断。相关病变，如炎症或再生，除非严重程度确有必要，否则不应单独诊断，但应在病理学叙述中描述。
病变描述
变性（degeneration）是一种非特异性病变，可由任何多种干扰细胞功能的病因引起，并且常常是坏死的早期指征。在某些情况下，变性之前会出现空泡化（vacuolation）（Figure 1）。一般来说，变性的特征是若干形态学和可变的细胞特征，例如细胞肿胀伴或不伴细胞质空泡化，以及细胞质淡染和碎裂（Figure 2）。变性必须与凋亡（apoptosis）相鉴别，凋亡代表肾脏中细胞更新的正常过程。坏死（necrosis）一般包括细胞肿胀、核固缩（pyknosis）和/或核碎裂（karyorrhexis）以及细胞脱落。变性可以是可逆的或不可逆的。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
变性应当诊断并分级。如适用，应将受累肾小管的部位作为部位修饰词纳入诊断。相关病变，如炎症或再生，除非严重程度确有必要，否则不应单独诊断，但应在病理学叙述中描述。相关链接：肾脏 - 肾小管 - 细胞质改变；肾脏 - 肾小管 - 坏死；肾脏 - 肾小管 - 再生
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Degeneration is a nonspecific entity that can arise from any number of etiologies that perturb cell function and is often an early indicator of necrosis. Degeneration, in some cases, is preceded by vacuolation ( Figure 1 ). In general, degeneration is characterized by several morphologic and variable cell features, such as cell swelling with or without cytoplasmic vacuolation and pale-staining and fragmented cytoplasm ( Figure 2 ). Degeneration must be distinguished from apoptosis, which represents the normal process of cell turnover in the kidney. Necrosis generally includes cell swelling, nuclear pyknosis and/or karyorrhexis, and cellular sloughing. Degeneration may be either reversible or irreversible.
Recommendation：
Degeneration should be diagnosed and graded. If applicable, the location of the affected tubule(s) should be included as a site modifier in the diagnosis. Associated lesions, such as inflammation or regeneration, should not be diagnosed separately unless warranted by severity but should be described in the pathology narrative. Related Links: Kidney - Renal Tubule - Cytoplasmic Alteration Kidney - Renal Tubule - Necrosis Kidney - Renal Tubule - Regeneration
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/urinary-system/kidney/RenalTubule-Degeneration
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Renal Tubule Degeneration (kidney). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/kidney-renal-tubule-degeneration.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#kidney-renal-tubule-degeneration