细胞质空泡化Vacuolation Cytoplasmic · 唾液腺 · 消化系统 · NTP ntp-0244
诊断要点：无论何时出现，细胞质空泡化均应予以诊断，并根据空泡的数量和大小进行分级。如果有证据表明细胞损伤超出细胞质空泡化但无显著坏死，则可以使用“变性”一词。
病变描述
细胞质空泡化通常被认为是变性的一种早期形式。细胞质空泡化（Figure 1、Figure 2）表现为细胞因液体超负荷而导致的细胞大小和体积增加，这是由于细胞未能维持正常稳态并调节液体的进入和排出所致。组织学上，细胞增大，受累细胞的细胞质内含有半透明空泡。这些空泡可能代表扩张的内质网或高尔基体，或肿胀的线粒体，提示细胞损伤。在某些情况下，空泡可能代表小脂滴。需要电子显微镜才能明确鉴定空泡的真实性质。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
无论何时出现，细胞质空泡化均应予以诊断，并根据空泡的数量和大小进行分级。如果有证据表明细胞损伤超出细胞质空泡化但无显著坏死，则可以使用“变性”一词。如果炎症是病变的显著组成部分，则应单独诊断和分级。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Cytoplasmic vacuolation is generally considered to be an early form of degeneration. Cytoplasmic vacuolization ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) manifests as increased cell size and volume resulting from an overload of fluid caused by a failure of the cell to maintain normal homeostasis and regulate the ingress and excretion of fluid. Histologically, cells are enlarged and the cytoplasm of affected cells contains translucent vacuoles. The vacuoles may represent distended endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi or swollen mitochondria, indicative of cell injury. In some cases, the vacuoles may represent small lipid droplets. Electron microscopy is required to definitively identify the true nature of the vacuoles.
Recommendation：
Whenever present, cytoplasmic vacuolation should be diagnosed and graded based on the number and size of vacuoles. The term "degeneration" can be used if there is evidence of cell damage beyond cytoplasmic vacuolation but no significant necrosis. If inflammation is a prominent component of the lesion, it should be diagnosed and graded separately.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/alimentary-system/salivary-gland/VacuolationCytoplasmic
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Vacuolation Cytoplasmic (salivary-gland). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/salivary-gland-vacuolation-cytoplasmic.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#salivary-gland-vacuolation-cytoplasmic