体外寄生虫Ectoparasites · 皮肤 · 皮肤系统 · NTP ntp-0364
诊断要点：外寄生虫病一旦存在，应记录为“皮肤 – 外寄生虫”，但无需分级。螨病可伴有炎症、表皮增生、角化过度、溃疡、淀粉样变性和细菌定植，这些应在病理学描述中予以描述，但不应作为独立诊断记录。
病变描述
在现行动物饲养标准下，外寄生虫病（ectoparasitism）（Figure 1、Figure 2）在小鼠和大鼠中罕见。小鼠最常见的毛螨为鼠肌螨（Myocoptes musculinus）、鼠鼠螨（Myobia musculi）和亲近鼠螨（Radfordia affinis）。小鼠毛囊螨（Psorergates simplex）罕见。大鼠可见长鼠螨（Radfordia ensifera）和巴氏禽刺螨（Ornithonyssus bacoti）。啮齿动物螨病常累及头部、肩部和背部。螨所致典型病变包括表皮增生伴角化过度及极轻微（minimal）慢性或慢性活动性真皮炎（Figure 1）。严重病例可出现溃疡（通常由自我损伤所致）伴继发性细菌定植，并可导致小鼠发生全身性淀粉样变性。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
外寄生虫病一旦存在，应记录为“皮肤 – 外寄生虫”，但无需分级。螨病可伴有炎症、表皮增生、角化过度、溃疡、淀粉样变性和细菌定植，这些应在病理学描述中予以描述，但不应作为独立诊断记录。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
With current animal care standards, ectoparasitism ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) is rare in mice and rats. Myocoptes musculinus , Myobia musculi , and Radfordia affinis are the most common fur mites in mice. Psorergates simplex , the mouse follicular mite, is rarely seen. Radfordia ensifera and Ornithonyssus bacoti occur in rats. Rodent acariasis often involves the head, shoulders, and back. Typical lesions caused by mites consist of epidermal hyperplasia with hyperkeratosis and minimal chronic or chronic active dermal inflammation ( Figure 1 ). In severe cases, ulceration (usually due to self-induced trauma) with secondary bacterial colonization may be present, which can result in systemic amyloidosis in mice.
Recommendation：
Whenever present, ectoparasitism should be recorded as “Skin – Ectoparasites” but need not be graded. Acariasis may be accompanied by inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, ulceration, amyloidosis, and bacterial colonization, which should be described in the pathology narrative but not documented as separate diagnoses.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/integumentary-system/skin/Ectoparasites
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Ectoparasites (skin). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/skin-ectoparasites.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#skin-ectoparasites