先天性囊肿Cyst Congenital · 甲状腺 · 内分泌系统 · NTP ntp-0060
诊断要点：先天性囊肿只要存在即应诊断。除非病理学家认为分级有助于突出受试物效应，否则囊肿无需分级。
病变描述
甲状腺及邻近甲状旁腺中发现的囊肿代表胚胎残余，可衬以扁平或纤毛上皮（Figure 1、Figure 2）。当囊内充满角化物质时（Figure 3、Figure 4），通常被认为是鳃后囊肿（ultimobranchial cyst）；然而，鳃后囊肿有时也可衬以纤毛上皮。另一方面，甲状舌管囊肿（thyroglossal duct cyst）通常位于中央，衬以多层甲状腺源性上皮。然而，鉴于精确分类囊肿存在困难，更倾向于使用“先天性囊肿（congenital cyst）”这一更为通用的命名。由于慢性研究可能包含宫内暴露，与受试物相关的发育改变可能影响先天性甲状腺囊肿的存在及其最终外观。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
先天性囊肿只要存在即应诊断。除非病理学家认为分级有助于突出受试物效应，否则囊肿无需分级。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Cysts found in the thyroid and adjacent parathyroid represent embryonal rests and may be lined by flattened or ciliated epithelium ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). When filled with keratinized material ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 ), they are typically considered to be ultimobranchial cysts; however, ultimobranchial cysts can sometimes be lined by ciliated epithelium. Thyroglossal duct cysts, on the other hand, are usually centrally located and lined by multilayered thyroidogenic epithelium. However, given the difficulty in precisely classifying cysts, the more generic nomenclature of “congenital cyst” is preferred. Since chronic studies may incorporate in utero exposures, developmental alterations related to treatment could influence the presence and ultimate appearance of congenital thyroid cysts.
Recommendation：
Congenital cysts should be diagnosed whenever present. Grading of cysts is not necessary unless the pathologist feels grading would highlight a treatment effect.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/endocrine-system/thyroid-gland/CystCongenital
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Cyst Congenital (thyroid-gland). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/thyroid-gland-cyst-congenital.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#thyroid-gland-cyst-congenital