视神经胶质增生Optic Nerve Gliosis · 眼 · 特殊感觉系统 · NTP ntp-0339
诊断要点：视神经胶质增生应当被诊断并赋予严重程度分级。视神经胶质增生的存在应当促使仔细检查视网膜（尤其是神经节细胞层和神经纤维层）以发现并存的病理变化。
病变描述
视神经中的胶质细胞增生和/或活化（胶质增生）通常作为与视神经变性相关的反应性改变而发生。其病因多样，如创伤或眼内压升高，其特征为胶质细胞数量呈局灶性（focal）至弥漫性（diffuse）性增加（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3）。增加的胶质细胞群体可包括星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和/或小胶质细胞。增生的星形胶质细胞可表现出反应性表型，胞质体积增大、细胞突起增粗、细胞核更大且更具囊泡状。其代谢活性亦增强。反应性少突胶质细胞和小胶质细胞同样发生形态学和代谢改变。反应性星形胶质细胞、结缔组织成分及其他胶质细胞的局灶性性聚集有时被称为“胶质瘢痕”。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
视神经胶质增生应当被诊断并赋予严重程度分级。视神经胶质增生的存在应当促使仔细检查视网膜（尤其是神经节细胞层和神经纤维层）以发现并存的病理变化。相关病变，如视神经变性，应当单独诊断。相关链接：Eye - Optic Nerve - Degeneration
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Glial cell proliferation and/or activation (gliosis) in the optic nerve usually occurs as a reactive change associated with optic nerve degeneration. It has various causes, such as trauma or increased intraocular pressure, and is characterized by focal to diffuse increases in the numbers of glial cells ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , and Figure 3 ). The increased glial cell populations can consist of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and/or microglia. Proliferating astrocytes can exhibit a reactive phenotype, with increased cytoplasmic volume, thicker cell processes, and larger, more vesicular nuclei. They also become more metabolically active. Reactive oligodendrocytes and microglia also undergo morphologic and metabolic changes. Focal accumulations of reactive astrocytes, connective tissues elements, and other glial cells are sometimes referred to as "glial scars."
Recommendation：
Optic nerve gliosis should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade. The presence of optic nerve gliosis should prompt careful examination of the retina (especially the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers) for concurrent pathology. Associated lesions, such as optic nerve degeneration, should be diagnosed separately. Related Links: Eye - Optic Nerve - Degeneration
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/special-senses-system/eye/OpticNerve-Gliosis
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Optic Nerve Gliosis (eye). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/eye-optic-nerve-gliosis.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#eye-optic-nerve-gliosis