红髓基质增生Red Pulp Hyperplasia Stromal · 脾脏 · 免疫系统 · NTP ntp-0039
诊断要点：每当脾脏出现基质细胞增生时，均应作出诊断并分级。
病变描述
啮齿类动物脾脏的基质细胞增生（stromal cell hyperplasia）罕见（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4，箭头）。它通常是一种局灶性（focal）病变，主要累及红髓，但可能浸润至动脉周围淋巴鞘和边缘区。在较大的病变中，被包裹的白髓可能发生萎缩。增生的基质细胞呈椭圆形至长形，胞质嗜酸性，细胞核呈椭圆形。窦可能被闭塞或被毛细血管取代，病变内可能存在成熟脂肪细胞。据报道，在充血、全身性肿瘤生长或经血液毒性化合物处理的反应中，基质细胞会增强其收缩特性或细胞外纤维的产生。因此，病变内胶原和平滑肌肌动蛋白（smooth muscle actin）的表达可能增加。该病变所涉及的确切细胞尚未被确定。该病变不应与肿瘤性病变相混淆。基质细胞增生时，可能存在异质性细胞群体（例如组织细胞和成纤维细胞）以及低核分裂指数。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
每当脾脏出现基质细胞增生时，均应作出诊断并分级。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Stromal cell hyperplasia in the spleen of rodents is rare ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , and Figure 4 , arrows). It is typically a focal lesion primarily affecting the red pulp, but there may be infiltration into the periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths and marginal zones. In larger lesions, entrapped white pulp may be atrophied. The proliferating stromal cells are oval to elongated with eosinophilic cytoplasm and oval nuclei. The sinuses may be obliterated or replaced by capillaries, and there may be mature adipocytes within the lesion. It has been reported that, in response to congestion, systemic tumor growth, or treatment with a hematotoxic compound, the stromal cells increase either their contractile properties or their production of extracellular fibers. Thus, there may be increased collagen and expression of smooth muscle actin within the lesion. The exact cell involved in the lesion has not been identified. This lesion should not be confused with neoplasia. With stromal cell hyperplasia, there may be a heterogeneous cell population (e.g., histiocytes and fibroblasts) and a low mitotic index.
Recommendation：
Whenever stromal cell hyperplasia in the spleen is present, it should be diagnosed and graded.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/immune-system/spleen/RedPulp-HyperplasiaStromal
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Red Pulp Hyperplasia Stromal (spleen). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/spleen-red-pulp-hyperplasia-stromal.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#spleen-red-pulp-hyperplasia-stromal