上皮变性Epithelium Degeneration · 鼻 · 呼吸系统 · NTP ntp-0122
诊断要点：上皮变性只要存在即应作出诊断并赋予严重程度分级。诊断中应将该上皮类型作为部位修饰词纳入（例如：鼻、嗅上皮 - 变性）。
病变描述
鼻上皮的变性（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）以以下一项或多项为特征：纤毛丢失、上皮细胞起泡形成、细胞排列紊乱、细胞嗜酸性增强、肿胀、细胞间接触丧失或上皮内空泡样改变。变性可能意味着当前正在进行的过程，因此当该过程似乎处于活动状态时，“变性”一词可能是合适的。退行性改变也可发生于副鼻结构的上皮，且可能在其他部位被覆上皮未见退行性改变的情况下出现。“囊性变性”专用于黏膜或固有层内衬覆上皮的结构。此类囊肿通常含有均质或颗粒状物质。上皮变性是毒性研究中常见的与受试物相关的病变，但也可见于对照动物。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
上皮变性只要存在即应作出诊断并赋予严重程度分级。诊断中应将该上皮类型作为部位修饰词纳入（例如：鼻、嗅上皮 - 变性）。报告中应包含对病变的详尽描述，包括尽可能明确靶细胞（例如嗅上皮中的感觉细胞或支持细胞）。副鼻器官上皮的退行性改变，若其他上皮部位未见变性，应单独诊断；若其作为更广泛的上皮退行性过程的一部分出现，则不应单独诊断，而应视为该过程的一个组成部分，仅在病理学描述中加以说明。当鼻黏膜内存在内衬上皮的结构时，囊性变性的诊断是合适的；该改变应赋予严重程度分级并明确部位。相关病变，如炎症，若严重程度足以支持，应单独诊断。相关链接：鼻 - 上皮 - 坏死；鼻 - 上皮 - 再生
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Degeneration of the nasal epithelium ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , and Figure 4 ) is characterized by one or more of the following: loss of cilia, epithelial cell bleb formation, cellular disorientation, cellular eosinophilia, swelling, loss of cell-to-cell contact, or vacuolar changes within the epithelium. Degeneration may imply a current, ongoing process, so when the process seems to be active, the term "degeneration" may be appropriate. Degenerative changes may also occur in the epithelia of accessory nasal structures, possibly in the absence of degenerative changes in the lining epithelia. "Cystic degeneration" is reserved for epithelial-lined structures within the mucosa or lamina propria. Such cysts usually contain homogeneous or granular material. Epithelial degeneration is a common treatment-related lesion in toxicity studies but may also be seen in control animals.
Recommendation：
Epithelial degeneration should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade whenever present. The type of epithelium should be included in the diagnosis as a site modifier (e.g., Nose, Olfactory epithelium - Degeneration). A thorough description of the lesion should be included in the report narrative, including identification of the target cell (e.g., sensory or sustentacular cells in the olfactory epithelium) if possible. Degenerative changes in the epithelium of an accessory nasal organ, in the absence of degeneration in other epithelial sites, should be diagnosed separately; if they occur as part of a more widespread degenerative epithelial process, then they should not be diagnosed separately but considered a component of that process and simply described in the pathology narrative. A diagnosis of cystic degeneration is appropriate when there are epithelial-lined structures in the nasal mucosa; this change should be given a severity grade and site identification. Associated lesions, such as inflammation, should be diagnosed separately if warranted by severity. Related Links: Nose - Epithelium - Necrosis Nose - Epithelium - Regeneration
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/respiratory-system/nose/Epithelium-Degeneration
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Epithelium Degeneration (nose). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/nose-epithelium-degeneration.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#nose-epithelium-degeneration