上皮非典型增生Epithelium Hyperplasia Atypical · 鼻 · 呼吸系统 · NTP ntp-0127
诊断要点：非典型性增生是一项重要发现，只要存在即应作出诊断并赋予严重程度分级。当非典型性出现在化生性病变内时，应诊断化生，但应在诊断中加上修饰词“非典型性”（例如：Nose, Olfactory epithelium - Metaplasia, Respiratory, 非典型性（atypical））。
病变描述
非典型性增生（非典型性（atypical） hyperplasia）（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4、Figure 5）是一种局灶性（focal）或多灶性（multifocal）的增生性改变（即细胞数量增多），具有细胞非典型性（cellular atypia）的特征，提示其行为更具侵袭性。“细胞非典型性”是指存在与分化改变（细胞多形性、间变）或生长改变（细胞排列紊乱、角化不良、异常核分裂象）相符的形态学特征。非典型性增生可发生于鼻腔内任何类型的上皮细胞或腺体（鼻中隔腺、Bowman腺或Steno腺），但最常见于移行上皮或呼吸上皮。嗅上皮的非典型性增生常表现为基底上皮细胞增生并延伸至基底膜以下。非典型性增生被认为代表一种癌前病变（preneoplastic change）。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
非典型性增生是一项重要发现，只要存在即应作出诊断并赋予严重程度分级。当非典型性出现在化生性病变内时，应诊断化生，但应在诊断中加上修饰词“非典型性”（例如：Nose, Olfactory epithelium - Metaplasia, Respiratory, 非典型性（atypical））。受累上皮的类型应作为部位修饰词纳入诊断（即squamous、transitional、respiratory或olfactory epithelium）。相关链接：Nose - Epithelium - Hyperplasia
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Atypical hyperplasia ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , and Figure 5 ) is a focal or multifocal hyperplastic change (i.e., increased numbers of cells) with features of cellular atypia, which suggests a more aggressive behavior. "Cellular atypia" refers to the presence of morphologic features that are consistent with altered differentiation (cellular pleomorphism, anaplasia) or growth (disorganization of cells, dyskeratosis, abnormal mitotic figures). Atypical hyperplasia can occur in any of the epithelial cell types found in the nasal cavity or in the glands (septal, Bowman''s, or Steno''s glands) but is most commonly seen in the transitional or respiratory epithelium. Atypical hyperplasia of the olfactory epithelium often manifests as proliferation of basal epithelial cells that extends below the basement membrane. Atypical hyperplasia is thought to represent a preneoplastic change.
Recommendation：
Atypical hyperplasia is an important finding that should be diagnosed whenever present and assigned a severity grade. When atypia occurs within a metaplastic lesion, the metaplasia should be diagnosed, but the modifier "atypical" should be added to the diagnosis (e.g., Nose, Olfactory epithelium - Metaplasia, Respiratory, Atypical). The type of epithelium affected should be included in the diagnosis as a site modifier (i.e., squamous, transitional, respiratory, or olfactory epithelium). Related Links: Nose - Epithelium - Hyperplasia
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/respiratory-system/nose/Epithelium-HyperplasiaAtypical
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Epithelium Hyperplasia Atypical (nose). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/nose-epithelium-hyperplasia-atypical.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#nose-epithelium-hyperplasia-atypical