鼻中隔穿孔Septum Perforation · 鼻 · 呼吸系统 · NTP ntp-0147
诊断要点：鼻中隔穿孔只要存在就应诊断，但不必分级。其他病变，包括上皮性病变（变性、坏死、溃疡、鳞状化生等）、鼻甲萎缩和炎症，应单独诊断。
病变描述
鼻中隔穿孔（septal perforation）（Figure 1、Figure 2）尚未被视为背景性病变。它通常发生于暴露于高度刺激性物质之后，这些物质引起黏膜坏死和溃疡以及鼻甲萎缩。因此，它通常先有或伴有上皮性病变，如鳞状化生、溃疡或坏死、炎症和鼻甲萎缩。它最常见于慢性吸入研究中。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
鼻中隔穿孔只要存在就应诊断，但不必分级。其他病变，包括上皮性病变（变性、坏死、溃疡、鳞状化生等）、鼻甲萎缩和炎症，应单独诊断。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Septal perforation ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) has not been seen as a background lesion. It typically occurs after exposure to highly irritating agents that cause necrosis and ulceration of the mucosa and atrophy of the nasal turbinates. Therefore, it is typically preceded or accompanied by epithelial lesions, such as squamous metaplasia, ulceration or necrosis, inflammation, and turbinate atrophy. It is most commonly seen in chronic inhalation studies.
Recommendation：
Septal perforation should be diagnosed whenever present but need not be graded. Other lesions, including epithelial lesions (degeneration, necrosis, ulceration, squamous metaplasia, etc.), turbinate atrophy, and inflammation, should be diagnosed separately.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/respiratory-system/nose/Septum-Perforation
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Septum Perforation (nose). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/nose-septum-perforation.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#nose-septum-perforation