憩室Diverticulum · 前胃 · 消化系统 · NTP ntp-0211
诊断要点：憩室应予以诊断，但不进行分级。相关病变，如炎症或溃疡，若其严重程度足以需要，可单独诊断，但病理学家应在病理描述中明确说明其与憩室的关联。
病变描述
憩室（diverticulum）在前胃比在腺胃更常见，但可发生于从食管到结肠的任何部位。憩室是先天性缺陷，其特征为部分胃壁向外膨出，膨出部分具有正常的细胞类型。憩室的壁和腔与前胃的壁和腔相连续（Figure 1、Figure 2），尽管二者之间的连通并不总是可见（Figure 2）。憩室偶尔会被误诊为腺瘤（adenoma），但憩室缺乏肿瘤的许多特征，如细胞呈肿块样增生、细胞异型性和正常结构丧失。憩室可能被食物嵌塞、发生溃疡、出现局部炎症，并最终穿孔，导致脓肿形成。憩室被视为偶发性病变。
诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识）
憩室应予以诊断，但不进行分级。相关病变，如炎症或溃疡，若其严重程度足以需要，可单独诊断，但病理学家应在病理描述中明确说明其与憩室的关联。
图谱
英文原文
展开 NTP 官方英文描述与建议
Comment：
Diverticula are more common in the forestomach than in the glandular stomach but can occur from the esophagus to the colon. Diverticula are congenital defects characterized by out-pouchings of a portion of the wall in which the normal cell types are present. The wall and lumen of a diverticulum are continuous with the wall and lumen of the forestomach ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), although the communication between them is not always visible ( Figure 2 ). Diverticula are occasionally misdiagnosed as a adenomas, but diverticula lack many of the features of neoplasms, such as a mass-like proliferation of cells, cellular atypia, and loss of normal architecture. Diverticula may become impacted with food, ulcerate, become locally inflamed, and eventually perforate, leading to abscess formation. Diverticula are considered incidental lesions.
Recommendation：
Diverticulum should be diagnosed but not graded. Associated lesions, such as inflammation or ulcer, may be diagnosed separately if warranted by severity, but the pathologist should make the association with the diverticulum clear in the pathology narrative.
来源与引用
原始条目：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/alimentary-system/stomach-forestomach/Diverticulum
图谱总目录：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas。 内容属美国联邦政府作品（公有领域），可引用；引用时请标注来源。
建议引用格式：NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas. Diverticulum (stomach-forestomach). LabSmart 中文版：
https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/stomach-forestomach-diverticulum.html
中文图谱总页（可展开对照全部 595 条）：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#stomach-forestomach-diverticulum